CHAPTER 6

EMPLOYEE RIGHTS AND BENEFITS

The Programme of Employee Rights and Benefits

6.1 The objective of the Employee Rights and Benefits Programme is to improve and safeguard employee rights and benefits in an equitable manner. Our aim is to progressively enhance employment standards in a way which is commensurate with the pace of Hong Kong's economic and social developments and to strike a reasonable balance between the interests of employers and employees. We achieve this by:

	setting and refining employment standards in consultation with the Labour Advisory Board (LAB), the most established consultative forum on labour matters;
	enforcing compliance with statutory and contractual terms and conditions of employment through inspection to workplaces and investigation of complaints;
	processing employee compensation claims;
	maintaining close partnership with statutory bodies set up for protecting the rights and benefits of employees; and
	providing customer-oriented information service to ensure that employees and employers know their rights and obligations.

6.2 The principal legislation administered by this programme area includes the Employees' Compensation Ordinance (ECO), the Pneumoconiosis (Compensation) Ordinance (PCO), the Protection of Wages on Insolvency Ordinance (PWIO), the Employment Ordinance (EO) on conditions of employment and its subsidiary Employment of Children Regulations and Employment of Young Persons (Industry) Regulations, as well as Part IVB of the Immigration Ordinance.

6.3 The ECO establishes a no-fault, non-contributory employee compensation system under which individual employers are liable to pay compensation for work-related injuries or fatalities. The ordinance requires all employers to possess valid insurance policies to cover their liabilities under the ordinance and at common law.

6.4 The PCO provides compensation to persons who suffer from silicosis or asbestosis. Compensation is paid from the Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund, which is administered by the Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund Board.

6.5 The PWIO provides for the establishment of the Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund (the Fund) and its administration by a board. Under the PWIO, employees who are owed wages, wages in lieu of notice and severance payments by their insolvent employers may apply to the Fund within six months after their last day of service for ex-gratia payments.

6.6 The EO is the main piece of legislation governing conditions of employment in the non-government sector. The Employment of Children Regulations made under the EO prohibit the employment of children below the age of 15 in industrial undertakings and regulate the employment of children aged 13 but under 15 in non-industrial establishments. The Employment of Young Persons (Industry) Regulations set out requirements on the working time arrangements for young persons employed in the industrial sector and prohibit their employment in dangerous trades.

6.7 The Labour Department also administers Part IVB of the Immigration Ordinance to combat illegal employment in order to protect the employment opportunities of local workers.

Our Work and Achievements in 2002

Key Indicators of Work

6.8 We stepped up our efforts to safeguard the rights and benefits of employees through various activities in 2002. Some key indicators of work of this programme area are shown in Figure 6.1.

Stepping Up Enforcement Against Wage Offences

6.9 The Labour Department takes a serious view on late payment and underpayment of wages and has put in place effective arrangements to enforce statutory provisions governing payment of wages. We conducted territory-wide blitz operations and inspections to workplaces such as construction sites and catering establishments to detect wage offences. All suspected wage offences are investigated and prosecutions are taken out once sufficient evidence is available.

A labour inspector collecting information on wage payment from an employee of a catering establishment.

6.10 With stepped-up enforcement action in 2002, the number of summonses heard in respect of wage offences rose to 198, representing a marked increase of 108 per cent over the 95 summonses in 2001. As for summonses convicted, the number was 139 for 2002 as against 75 in 2001, an increase of 85 per cent.

Legislative Proposals to Preserve and Improve Employee Benefits and their Progress

6.11 In 2002, the Employees Compensation Assistance Ordinance was amended to restore the long term financial viability of the Employees Compensation Assistance Scheme (ECAS).

6.12 In April 2002, we introduced an amendment bill into the Legislative Council to improve the benefits of employees who suffered from noise-induced deafness by reason of their employment in specified noisy occupations. The major proposals included raising the minimum and maximum levels of compensation in accordance with the rate of nominal wage increase, revising upwards the percentage of permanent incapacity, providing reimbursement of expenses for hearing assistive devices, adding four new specified noisy occupations and empowering the Occupational Deafness Compensation Board to conduct or finance rehabilitation programmes.

6.13 During the year, we consulted the Manpower Panel of the Legislative Council on the proposal to recognise Chinese medicine under the Employment Ordinance, Employees' Compensation Ordinance, Pneumoconiosis (Compensation) Ordinance and the Pneumoconiosis Ex-Gratia Scheme. The Panel agreed in principle to our proposal. Drafting of the legislation for implementation of the proposal has commenced.

Vigorous Enforcement Efforts

6.14 We have stepped up our enforcement efforts to ensure that the statutory rights of employees under labour legislation are well protected.

		A labour inspector enforcing the Immigration Ordinance by checking an employee's proof of identity to deter illegal employment.
		Promotional leaflets against illegal employment.

6.15 In 2002, labour inspectors carried out 162 417 inspections to different economic sectors, including 157 968 inspections to combat illegal employment. Figure 6.2 We enhanced our communication with the Immigration Department and the Police for more effective exchange of intelligence and inter-departmental enforcement operations. Special inspection campaigns were conducted to workplaces and targeted trades where illegal workers, including foreign domestic helpers engaged in non-domestic duties, were more likely to be found. Altogether 341 suspected illegal workers were referred to the Immigration Department or the Police in 2002 for follow-up actions.

A labour inspector enquiring about the employment conditions of an employee of a public housing estate cleansing contractor.

6.16 We further strengthened the monitoring of government service contractors to protect the statutory rights of their workers. In 2002, a dedicated enforcement team of labour inspectors was deployed to check the employment conditions of low-skilled workers engaged by the contractors through workplace inspections and complaint investigations. A total of 393 inspections were conducted and 1 036 workers interviewed in the year. Contractors found to have breached labour legislation were prosecuted. We also assisted the procuring departments in enhancing their monitoring measures in the light of our enforcement experience.

6.17 To ensure compliance with the required conditions under the Supplementary Labour Scheme, we investigated 117 complaints and cases on suspected irregularities such as alleged displacement of local workers, underpayment of wages and deprivation of rest days or statutory holidays of imported workers.

Processing Employee Compensation Cases

6.18 Under the current no-fault employees compensation system, compensation is payable to injured employees or family members of deceased employees for any work-related injuries or deaths. Claims for compensation involving fatality are determined by the courts or the Commissioner for Labour under the improved settlement mechanism introduced in August 2000.

6.19 Information on the employee compensation cases reported in 2002 was listed in Figures 6.3 and 6.4. In 2002, we processed 36 567 non-fatal cases reported in the year and involving sick leave exceeding three days. This included 12 270 cases settled directly between employers and employees. Compensation amounting to $7.97 million and $330 million was payable respectively to the injured employees in minor cases and in cases involving sick leave exceeding three days.

6.20 For the 57 019 employee compensation cases reported in 2001, 54 583 non-fatal cases with sick leave exceeding three days and 141 fatal cases were settled as at the end of 2002. A sum of $910 million was payable as compensation to the injured employees or family members of deceased employees. The number of days lost was 1 472 756. Figure 6.5

6.21 The Loan Scheme for Employees Injured at Work and Dependants of Deceased Employees provides temporary relief to victims of work accidents. Under the scheme, an interest-free loan up to $15,000 in each case will be made to eligible applicants. In 2002, a total loan of $346,859 was approved in 24 applications.

Partnership with Statutory Bodies

6.22 We maintain close partnership with various statutory bodies to administer schemes for the protection of the rights and benefits of employees.

Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund Board

6.23 We support the Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund Board by verifying applications and approving payments from the Fund. In 2002, we received a record high of 23 023 applications and processed 20 157 applications, leading to payments of $513.8 million. Relevant information was shown in Figures 6.6 and 6.7. As a result of the surge in the number of applications, the Fund's reserve depleted significantly in the year, and a government bridging loan of $695 million was arranged.

6.24 The department and the Fund Board take a serious view on possible abuse of the Fund, particularly with employers dishonestly shifting their liabilities on wage payments to the Fund. Stringent vetting procedures are in place to process all applications. In November, an "inter-departmental task force" comprising representative of the Labour Department, Official Receiver's Office, Commercial Crime Bureau of the Police Force and Legal Aid Department was set up to further prevent possible abuse.

Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund Board

6.25 The Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund Board (PCFB) is established under the Pneumoconiosis (Compensation) Ordinance (PCO) to provide compensation to persons suffering from pneumoconiosis. The Board is financed by a levy collected from the construction and quarrying industries. Under the PCO, the Labour Department is responsible for determining whether the applicants are entitled to compensation. For those eligible persons, they will receive compensation in the form of monthly payments from the PCFB.

Employees Compensation Assistance Fund Board

6.26 The Employees Compensation Assistance Fund Board (ECAFB) is set up under the Employees Compensation Assistance Ordinance (ECAO). The ECAFB is responsible for running the Employees Compensation Assistance Scheme which provides payments to injured employees who are unable to receive their entitlements for employment-related injuries from their employers or insurers. The scheme also protects employers in the event of the insurers underwriting their employees' compensation insurance becoming insolvent.

Occupational Deafness Compensation Board

6.27 The Occupational Deafness Compensation Board (ODCB) is established under the Occupational Deafness (Compensation) Ordinance to provide compensation to those persons who suffered from noise-induced deafness due to employment in specified noisy occupations.

Information and Advisory Services

Telephone Enquiry Service

6.28 We operate a round-the-clock Telephone Enquiry Service (TES) to handle general enquiries on labour legislation and labour matters. In 2002, we added more topics to the TES for information retrieval by callers over telephone or via fax. Members of the public can now listen at any time to 80 topics of pre-recorded messages in Cantonese, Putonghua or English on labour legislation and services of the department. They can also obtain 94 forms and printed messages in Chinese or English by fax. During office hours, telephone enquiry officers are available to answer further enquiries. In the year, this highly popular service handled 1 266 039 calls. Figure 6.8

Briefings and Promotional Campaigns

6.29 In 2002, we arranged 4 briefings for the public sector and 61 briefings for imported workers and their employers to publicise the rights and obligations of the parties concerned.

6.30 Extensive publicity campaigns were launched to educate employers and employees about their rights and obligations under the Employees' Compensation Ordinance.

		The Seminar on the Employees' Compensation Ordinance was well received.
		"Introductory Self-learning Programme on the Employees' Compensation Ordinance" was launched in the Metropolis Daily to enhance public understanding about the Employees' Compensation Ordinance.
		A "Resource Kit on Employees' Compensation" was produced for employers and employees.